COMMODITY TREATMENT AND QUARANTINE ENTOMOLOGY Hot-Water Immersion Quarantine Treatment Against Mediterranean Fruit Fly and Oriental Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Eggs and Larvae in Litchi and Longan Fruit Exported from Hawaii

Immersion of litchi fruit in 49 Cwater for 20 min followed by hydrocooling in ambient (24 4 C) temperature water for 20 min was tested as a quarantine treatment against potential infestations of Mediterranean fruit ßy, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann); and oriental fruit ßy, Bactrocera dorsalisHendel, eggs or larvae inHawaiian litchi,Litchi chinensis Sonnerat. The 49 Chot-water immersion of litchi provided probit 9 (99.9968%mortalitywith 95% conÞdence) quarantine security against eggs and Þrst instars. There were no survivors from 15,000 each feeding and nonfeeding Mediterranean fruit ßy or oriental fruit ßy third instars immersed in a computer-controlledwater bath that simulated the litchi seed-surface temperature proÞle during the 49 C hot-water immersion treatment. Litchi served as the model for longan,Dimocarpus longan Lour., a closely related fruit that is smaller and also has commercial potential for Hawaii. ModiÞed fruit infestation and holding techniques used to obtain adequate estimated treated populations from poor host fruit, such as litchi and longan, are described. Data from these experiments were used to obtain approval of a hot-water immersion quarantine treatment against fruit ßies for litchi and longan exported from Hawaii to the U.S. mainland.